Trapping Experiments Research Articles

Identification, synthesis, and field evaluation of components of the female-produced sex pheromone of Helopeltis cinchonae (Hemiptera: Miridae), an emerging pest of tea.

Helopeltis cinchonae (Hemiptera: Miridae) is a major pest of tea plantations in Asia. Conventional control of pests with pesticides is unsustainable. Therefore, safe and eco-friendly alternatives, such as pheromones, are required to manage the pest. In GC-EAD analyses of whole-body extracts of virgin female H. cinchonae, two compounds elicited EAG responses from male antennae. These were identified as hexyl (R)-3-acetoxybutyrate and (R)-1-acetoxy-5-butyroxyhexane using GC-MS analysis compared to synthetic compounds. This is the first study to report 1-acetoxy-5-butyroxyhexane as an insect pheromone component. The synthetic compounds elicited dose-dependent EAG responses from the antennae of male H. cinchonae. In two field trapping experiments, the individual compounds were highly attractive to male H. cinchonae when dispensed from polyethylene vials. However, higher catches were obtained with blends of the two compounds in a 1:10 ratio. The blend of racemic compounds was as attractive as the blend of (R)-enantiomers. We reported that 1-Acetoxy-5-butyroxyhexane and hexyl 3-acetoxybutyrate are components of the female-produced sex pheromone of H. cinchonae, but further work is required on the blend and loading of pheromone and on trap design to provide an optimized system for monitoring and control of this pest. The results may also facilitate the identification of the pheromones of other Helopeltis species, which are major pests in many crops. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Cyanide Trapping of Iminium Ion Reactive Metabolites: Implications for Clinical Hepatotoxicity.

Reactive metabolite formation is a major mechanism of hepatotoxicity. Although reactive electrophiles can be soft or hard in nature, screening strategies have generally focused on the use of glutathione trapping assays to screen for soft electrophiles, with many data sets available to support their use. The use of a similar assay for hard electrophiles using cyanide as the trapping agent is far less common, and there is a lack of studies with sufficient supporting data. Using a set of 260 compounds with a defined hepatotoxicity status by the FDA, a comprehensive literature search yielded cyanide trapping data on an unbalanced set of 20 compounds that were all clinically hepatotoxic. Thus, a further set of 19 compounds was selected to generate cyanide trapping data, resulting in a more balanced data set of 39 compounds. Analysis of the data demonstrated that the cyanide trapping assay had high specificity (92%) and a positive predictive value (83%) such that hepatotoxic compounds would be confidently flagged. Structural analysis of the adducts formed revealed artifactual methylated cyanide adducts to also occur, highlighting the importance of full structural identification to confirm the nature of the adduct formed. The assay was demonstrated to add the most value for compounds containing typical structural alerts for hard electrophile formation: half of the severe hepatotoxins with these structural alerts formed cyanide adducts, while none of the severe hepatotoxins with no relevant structural alerts formed adducts. The assay conditions used included cytosolic enzymes (e.g., aldehyde oxidase) and an optimized cyanide concentration to minimize the inhibition of cytochrome P450 enzymes by cyanide. Based on the demonstrated added value of this assay, it is to be initiated for use at GSK as part of the integrated hepatotoxicity strategy, with its performance being reviewed periodically as more data is generated.

The synergistic effect of POM-π interaction and solid phase amidation on the visible light photocatalytic of g–C3N4–based photocatalyst

Due to the unique ability of Keggin-type polyoxometalate (POM) to remain stable when accepting electrons to form mixed valence POM, organic-POM hybrid materials can complete multi-electron transfer while maintaining structural stability. The organic-POM hybrids photocatalysts prepared using organic materials and POM as raw materials have been developed to form new energy bands and crystal structures. This not only enhances their quantum efficiency and but also expands their visible light response range. Nevertheless, organic-POM hybrids, featuring organic amines as ligands, are prone to photoetching, impeding g-C3N4's progress in this area. In this paper, the amino group of g-C3N4 was converted into imide ring by solid phase amidation method, which overcame this obstacle and converted g-C3N4 into g-C3N4 based polyimide (CNPI) with enhanced photoelectric properties. XRD, IR spectrum, and XPS data indicate that CNPI is more tightly integrated with potassium phosphotungstate (KPW) than g-C3N4, demonstrating superior electron transport capabilities and potentiated POM-π interactions. In terms of photocatalytic efficacy, CNPI/KPW-30 % exhibits an impressive degradation rate constant of 0.5458 h−1 for imidacloprid, attributed to its compact microstructure and superior charge transfer capability. While maintaining good photocatalytic stability, the mineralization rate of CNPI/KPW-30 % to imidacloprid was 55.25 %. In addition, h+ and ·O2− were identified as active species through trapping agent experiments, and the degradation pathway was advanced by ESR technology analysis.

Mo-modified BiOI0.5Cl0.5 composites preparation for antibiotic removal

Photocatalytic technology has the advantages of high efficiency, mild reaction conditions, low cost, and minimal secondary contamination in antibiotic degradation. Bismuth oxyhalides(BiOX) has garnered considerable attention and application as a photocatalyst, due to its suitable band gap and light capture capability. In this study, we successfully synthesized the BiOI0.5Cl0.5 (BCI) material through hydrothermal treatment. Furthermore, Molybdenum (Mo) atoms were diffused into the composite to form Mo-doped Mo@BiOI0.5Cl0.5. Various techniques were employed to characterize the structures, chemical compositions, and morphologies of the obtained materials.The photocatalytic performance of the obtained materials was investigated, revealing that MBCI-3 exhibited superior performance in the photocatalytic degradation of contaminants. Over a span of 20 min, 100% of rhodamine B and 86.0% of tetracycline were successfully removed from water. The enhancement in photocatalytic performance can be attributed to the alteration in the band gap of the BCI complex, leading to improved light absorption, while the incorporation of Mo atoms expedites electron transfer. Finally, the role of h+ and O2•- radicals in photocatalytic degradation was verified through radical trapping experiments.

Magnetic recyclable visible light-driven Bi2WO6/Fe3O4/RGO for photocatalytic degradation of Microcystin-LR: Mechanism, pathway, and influencing factors

Photocatalysis was an attractive strategy that had potential to tackle the Microcystin-LR (MC-LR) contamination of aquatic ecosystems. Herein, magnetic photocatalyst Fe3O4/Bi2WO6/Reduced graphene oxide composites (Bi2WO6/Fe3O4/RGO) were employed to degrade MC-LR. The removal efficiency and kinetic constant of the optimized Bi2WO6/Fe3O4/RGO (Bi2WO6/Fe3O4-40%/RGO) was 1.8 and 2.3 times stronger than the pure Bi2WO6. The improved activity of Bi2WO6/Fe3O4-40%/RGO was corresponded to the expanded visible light adsorption ability and reduction of photogenerated carrier recombination efficiency through the integration of Bi2WO6 and Fe3O4-40%/RGO. The MC-LR removal efficiency exhibited a positive tendency to the initial density of algae cells, fulvic acid, and the concentration of MC-LR decreased. The existed anions (Cl−, CO3−2, NO3−, H2PO4−) reduced MC-LR removal efficiency of Bi2WO6/Fe3O4-40%/RGO. The Bi2WO6/Fe3O4-40%/RGO could degrade 79.3% of MC-LR at pH = 7 after 180 min reaction process. The trapping experiments and ESR tests confirmed that the h+, ∙OH, and ∙O2− played a significant role in MC-LR degradation. The LC-MS/MS result revealed the intermediates and possible degradation pathways.

Oxidative Cascade Iodocyclization of 1,n-Dienes: Synthesis of Iodinated Benzo[b]azepine and Benzo[b]azocine Derivatives.

An oxidative cascade iodocyclization of 1,7- or 1,8-dienes has been realized under mild conditions. By employing I2 as an iodine source, this protocol provides a concise and efficient approach to a great deal of biologically significant iodinated benzo[b]azepine and benzo[b]azocine derivatives in moderate to good yields. The gram-scale synthesis and further transformation of products render the approach practical and attractive. Radical trapping and deuterium-labeling experiments help to understand the mechanism.

Cyclotriphosphazene‐Based Photocatalysts containing Orthogonal BODIPY Moieties for Chemical Transformations

Molecular organic photocatalysts developed for use in chemical transformation reactions have gained momentum in recent years. In this study, six new triplet photosensitizers were prepared to determine their photocatalyst capabilities and chemical transformation abilities. The chemical structures of the synthesized orthogonal BODIPYs and their cyclotriphosphazene derivatives were analyzed and then their photophysical characteristics including the UV‐Vis absorption spectra, fluorescence emission spectra, fluorescence quantum yields, were investigated. The quantitative singlet oxygen formation was determined by chemical trapping using DPBF (diphenylisobenzofuran). In particular, cyclotriphosphazene derivative 12 having three BODIPY moieties showed efficient singlet oxygen production with high photostability and good molar extinction coefficient. The photo‐oxidation ratio constant of 1,5‐dihydroxynaphthalene (DHN) was calculated as 28.7 × 10‐3 min‐1 for compound 12 and at the end of 22.5 min., DHN converted to juglone with 100% efficiency. In addition, the ability of the compounds to convert 1,3‐cyclohexadiene into peroxides in the presence of molecular oxygen and light was investigated and the conversion efficiency was determined by NMR technique. All compounds have been presented as photocatalysts for use in different synthetic photochemistry applications.

A Novel Bismuth‐Rich Bi3O4Cl/BixOyIz Composite with Intensified Photocatalytic Internal Electrical Field for Photocatalytic Degradation of Antibiotics

The enhancement of photocatalytic semiconductor degradation performance through a bismuth‐rich strategy and heterojunction engineering is considered a very effective approach. Herein, the bismuth‐rich Bi3O4Cl/BixOyIz composites are synthesized through a simple solvothermal reaction. The composites have an internal electric field because of their specific layered structure. Due to the difference between their covalent [BixOy]2+ layer and exchangeable halogen ion layer, the enhanced internal electric field facilitates electron transfer at the high‐quality interface of the semiconductor. The trace presence of Bi3O4Cl/BixOyIz (0.1 g L−1) can achieve an 88% removal of tetracycline (20 mg L−1) from the solution phase under visible light illumination in 120 min. The photocatalytic activity is much higher than that of pure BiOCl and BiOI. Furthermore, the material also exhibits high photocatalytic degradation performance for bisphenol A, doxycycline hydrochloride, etc. The excellent results further confirm the application range of the prepared photocatalysts. The superior photocatalytic activity of Bi3O4Cl/BixOyIz is attributed to the formation of a heterojunction and the generation of an internal electric field, which enhances charge separation and oxidation ability. Photoelectrochemical characterization can confirm the above views. Free radical trapping experiments and electron spin resonance show that heterojunctions can produce abundant •O2− and •OH under visible light irradiation.

Nickel-catalyzed switchable arylative/endo-cyclization of 1,6-enynes

Carbo- and heterocycles are frequently used as crucial scaffolds in natural products, fine chemicals, and biologically and pharmaceutically active compounds. Transition-metal-catalyzed cyclization of 1,6-enynes has emerged as a powerful strategy for constructing functionalized carbo- and heterocycles. Despite significant progress, the regioselectivity of alkyne functionalization is entirely substrate-dependent. And only exo-cyclization/cross-coupling products can be obtained, while endo-selective cyclization/cross-coupling remains elusive and still poses a formidable challenge. In this study, we disclose a nickel-catalyzed switchable arylation/cyclization of 1,6-enynes in which the nature of the ligand dictates the regioselectivity of alkyne arylation, while the electrophilic trapping reagents determine the selectivity of the cyclization mode. Specifically, using a commercially available 1,10-phenanthroline as a ligand facilitates trans-arylation/cyclization to obtain seven-membered ring products, while a 2-naphthyl-substituted bisbox ligand promotes cis-arylation/cyclization to access six-membered ring products. Diastereoselective cyclizations have also been developed for the synthesis of enantioenriched piperidines and azepanes, which are core structural elements of pharmaceuticals and natural products possessing important biological activities. Furthermore, experimental and density functional theory studies reveal that the regioselectivity of the alkyne arylation process is entirely controlled by the steric hindrance of the ligand; the reaction mechanism involves exo-cyclization followed by Dowd-Beckwith-type ring expansion to form endo-cyclization products.

Visible-Light Activation of Diorganyl Bis(pyridylimino) Isoindolide Aluminum(III) Complexes and Their Organometallic Radical Reactivity.

We report on the synthesis and characterization of a series of (mostly) air-stable diorganyl bis(pyridylimino) isoindolide (BPI) aluminum complexes and their chemistry upon visible-light excitation. The redox non-innocent BPI pincer ligand allows for efficient charge transfer homolytic processes of the title compounds. This makes them a universal platform for the generation of carbon-centered radicals. The photo-induced homolytic cleavage of the Al-C bonds was investigated by means of stationary and transient UV/Vis spectroscopy, spin trapping experiments, as well as EPR and NMR spectroscopy. The experimental findings were supported by quantum chemical calculations. Reactivity studies enabled the utilization of the aluminum complexes as reactants in tin-free Giese-type reactions and carbonyl alkylations under ambient conditions, which both indicated radical-polar crossover behavior. A deeper understanding of the physical fundamentals and photochemical process was provided, furnishing in turn a new strategy to control the reactivity of bench-stable aluminum organometallics.

Aktivierung von Diorganyl‐bis(pyridylimino)isoindolid‐Aluminiumkomplexen mit sichtbarem Licht und deren organometallische Radikalreaktivität

AbstractWir berichten über die Synthese und Charakterisierung einer Reihe von weitgehend luftstabilen Diorganyl‐bis(pyridylimino)isoindolid(BPI)−Aluminiumkomplexen und deren Reaktivität durch elektronische Anregung mittels sichtbarem Licht. Der redox‐aktive, “nicht‐unschuldige” BPI‐Pinzettenligand ermöglicht eine effiziente Charge‐Transfer‐Homolyse der Al−C‐Bindung. Dadurch dienen die vorgestellten Verbindungen als Ausgangsmaterialien für die Generierung von kohlenstoffzentrierten Radikalen. Die photo‐induzierte homolytische Spaltung der Al−C‐Bindung wurde mittels stationärer und transienter UV/Vis‐Spektroskopie, Abfangexperimenten der entsprechenden Radikale, sowie EPR‐ und NMR‐Spektroskopie analysiert und zudem mithilfe von quantenchemischen Rechnungen untersucht. Studien zur Reaktivität der entsprechenden Aluminiumkomplexe ermöglichten deren Nutzung als Reagenzien in Giese‐artigen Reaktionen und der Alkylierung von organischen Carbonylverbindungen, wobei Hinweise auf einen Wechsel von radikalischen zu polaren Mechanismen (radical‐polar‐crossover) gefunden wurden. Durch diese Arbeit wurde ein vertieftes Verständnis der physikalischen Hintergründe und der ablaufenden photochemischen Prozesse generiert, wodurch eine neue Strategie der Reaktionskontrolle von luftstabilen Organometallverbindungen des Aluminiums etabliert wurde.

Tailored Polymeric Carbon Nitride Coupled with Bi2O3 for Constructing Z‐Scheme Heterojunction with Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity

The great demand for visible‐light‐induced catalysts with high photocatalytic performance has stimulated extensive interest in constructing g‐C3N4‐based Z‐scheme heterojunctions. In this research work, we constructed the g‐C3N4/Bi2O3 Z‐scheme heterojunction by precipitation‐hydrothermal method, and confirmed the close contact interface between g‐C3N4 and Bi2O3 to form the heterojunction by various characterization techniques, which facilitates the efficient separation of photogenerated electrons‐holes. Compared to pure g‐C3N4 and Bi2O3, the g‐C3N4/Bi2O3‐1 composite exhibited a transient photocurrent response approximately 7 and 5 times higher than that of g‐C3N4 and Bi2O3, respectively, with stronger visible photocatalytic activity and degraded 99.8% methylene blue within 75 min. Ion trapping experiments showed that •OH free radical had the greatest effect on the degradation of methylene blue, while •O2‐ and h+ had less effect. According to the experimental test results, the possible photocatalytic degradation mechanism of g‐C3N4/Bi2O3‐1 catalyst was proposed. This study provides a new avenue for the development of novel g‐C3N4‐based Z heterojunction materials with application value.

Aerobic Oxidative Synthesis of Formamides from Amines and Bioderived Formyl Surrogates

Herein we present a new strategy for the oxidative synthesis of formamides from various types of amines and bioderived formyl sources (DHA, GLA and GLCA) and molecular oxygen (O2) as oxidant on g‐C3N4 supported Cu catalysts. Combined characterization data from EPR, XAFS, XRD and XPS revealed the formation of single CuN4 sites on supported Cu(phen)2/C3N4 catalyst. EPR spin trapping experiments disclosed ●OOH radicals as reactive oxygen species and ●NR1R2 radicals being responsible for the initial C‐C bond cleavage. Control experiments and DFT calculations showed that the successive C‐C bond cleavage in DHA proceeds via a reaction mechanism co‐mediated by ●NR1R2 and ●OOH radicals based on the well‐equilibrated CuII and CuI cycle. Our system has much higher activity (TOF) than those using noble metals

Efficient photochemical conversion of naproxen by butanedione: Role of energy transfer

Efficient photochemical conversion of naproxen by butanedione: Role of energy transfer

Efficient visible light-based photocatalytic performance for tetracycline degradation by novel dual z-type ZnO nanorods /Bi2MoO6 /ZIF-67 heterostructure: Mechanism and water matrix investigation

BackgroundContamination of water with antibiotics poses environmental challenges. Photocatalytic semiconductor heterostructure technologies prove effective in water purification, particularly in eliminating pharmaceutical pollutants. Achieving high-quality heterostructures remains a considerable challenge. MethodsZnO/Bi2MoO6/ZIF-67 photocatalyst was synthesized using the ambient temperature method and characterized through XRD, FTIR, SEM, EDX, TEM, UV–vis DRS, TGA, PL, and BET analyses.Significant findings: The novel ZnO/Bi2MoO6/ZIF-67 photocatalyst's efficacy in degrading tetracycline under visible light was evaluated. The optimal composite molar ratio of ZnO: Bi2MoO6: ZIF-67 was found to be 1.53:1:0.4, exhibiting superior photocatalytic performance compared to ZnO, Bi2MoO6, and ZIF-67. With ZnO/Bi2MoO6/ZIF-67, the highest removal efficiency of tetracycline reached 90.3 % under ideal conditions (catalyst dose = 0.4 g/L, pH = 6.5, illumination time = 90 min, initial tetracycline concentration = 40 mg/L). The photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline follows first-order kinetics. The trapping experiments showed that OH• and •O2– species played a beneficial role in enhancing the photodegradation process.

Fabrication of Ag-decorated La0.9Ag0.1FeO3 for efficient photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline under visible light with the assistance of water oxidation

The photocatalytic conversion of molecular O2 into reactive oxygen species, such as superoxide radicals (·O-2), has become the focus in the oxidative removal of organic pollutants. Nevertheless, the inefficient light absorption, limited adsorption of O2, and the fast recombination rate of photo-induced electron-hole pairs considerably impede the conversion efficiency of the photocatalysts. Herein, we report the synthesis of Ag@LAFO photocatalyst, which contains Ag nanoparticles (NPs)-decorated LAFO (Ag-substituted LaFeO3), to enhance the photodegradation efficiency of tetracycline (TC) with the assistance of water oxidation. Structural and spectroscopic analyses confirmed the successful decoration of Ag NPs on LAFO, which was prepared by substituting 10% La with Ag. The efficiency of TC photocatalytic degradation rate of Ag@LAFO is 76.25%, which is 6.1-fold higher than that of pure LFO (12.41%). The trapping experiment of active radicals verified that ·O-2 was crucial in the decomposition of TC molecules and was continuously supplied by the reduction of O2 molecules supported by photocatalytic water oxidation. Moreover, the Ag NPs in Ag@LAFO were found to be crucial for boosting the capture of photo-induced electrons and the activation of adsorbed O2. This study offers a new perspective on the conversion of O2 to ·O-2 with the assistance of photocatalytic water oxidation for photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants.

A novel nano-cerium oxide functionalized biochar composite for degradation of organic dye: insight of the photocatalysis mechanism.

Recently, visible-light-driven photocatalysis attracts much concerns in the remediation of environmental organic pollutants. In this study, the cerium doped biochar was fabricated through the hydrothermal method, and served as an efficient photocatalyst towards rhodamine B degradation under visible light irradiation. Almost 100% of rhodamine B was removed by 2.0g·L-1 cerium doped biochar after 60min of visible light irradiation at pH 3, but only about 25.50% and 29.60% of rhodamine B was removed by cerium dioxide and biochar under identical conditions. The degradation process coincided well with the pseudo-first-order kinetic model, and the photodegradation rate constant of cerium doped biochar was 0.0485·min-1, which was respectively 97 and 44 times that of biochar (0.0005·min-1) and cerium dioxide (0.0011·min-1). According to the trapping experiments and electron spin resonance spectroscopy analysis, h+, O2-∙ and ∙OH all participated in the degradation of rhodamine B in the cerium doped biochar photocatalytic systems, and the function of h+ and ∙OH was dominated. Consequently, the biochar could not only be an excellent carrier for supporting cerium dioxide, but also greatly improved its photocatalytic activity. The band gap of cerium doped biochar was narrower than cerium dioxide, which could improve the separation and migration of photogenerated electron-hole pairs under visible-light excitation, thus ultimately enhanced the degradation of rhodamine B. This work provided a deeper understanding of the preparation of biochar-based photocatalyst and its application in the remediation of environmental organic pollution.

Construction of A-FeOx/LaFeO3 hybrid microreactors for efficient photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants

Low-dimensional hybrid nanocrystals are newly emerging active photocatalysts for separating electron-hole pairs, but the instability and low quantum efficiency caused by particle aggregation and hybrid structure relaxation remain great challenges. To this end, herein we constructed amorphous FeOx (A-FeOx) and crystalline LaFeO3 hybrids by a sol-gel method. The amorphous-crystalline hybrids, A-FeOx/LaFeO3, not only improve the surface area and alter the band position, but also form numerous channels that are conducive to the transport of electrons and separation of electron–hole pairs, acting as microreactors. Photocatalytic tests show that the A-FeOx/LaFeO3 is highly active for the degradation of various organic pollutants, with reaction rate constant of 1.19 × 10–2 min–1 for ciprofloxacin degradation, for example, which is 1.82 and 1.87 times higher than that of LaFeO3 and Fe2O3/LaFeO3, respectively, owing to the formation of microreactors between A-FeOx and LaFeO3. Cycling tests show that the material has good stability in the reaction, and trapping experiments demonstrate that the photo-induced holes are the main reactive species of the reaction. This work provides a novel and feasible insight into the design of high performance low-dimensional hybrid nanocatalysts for photocatalysis.

BiOBr/Cu2S p-n heterojunction for efficient photodegradation of ciprofloxacin and tetracycline under visible light

With the increasing needs of people for a better life, the problem of water resources pollution has attracted wide attention. The construction of p-n heterojunction is an effective strategy to promote the removal of pollutants by photocatalysts. In this work, a series of BiOBr/Cu2S heterojunction photocatalysts with mass ratios of Cu2S have been synthesized successfully by a hydrothermal method combined with grinding method for photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline (TC) and ciprofloxacin (CIP). The results showed that BiOBr/Cu2S exhibited superior photodegradation efficiency of TC and ciprofloxacin CIP than BiOBr and Cu2S monomers. When the mass ratio of Cu2S is 0.15 %, the visible degradation of CIP and TC are 79.2 % in 90 min and 88.5% in 60 min. In addition, the effects of different inorganic ions and pH value on the photocatalytic performance of BiOBr/Cu2S were investigated. It was proved that superoxide free radical (•O2-) was the main active species by free radical trapping experiment. The photocatalytic degradation process was further evaluated by total organic carbon and mass spectrometry tests. This work provides a feasible construction strategy for photocatalysts with potential application in water resources pollutants.

Simultaneous removal of methylene blue and Cr(VI) in a dual-chamber photocatalytic microbial fuel cell with WO3/MoS2/FTO photocathode

Carbon felt was used as the anode and WO3/MoS2/FTO (fluorine-doped tin oxide) was used as the photocathode in a photocatalytic microbial fuel cell (PMFC). The photoelectric performance of the WO3/MoS2/FTO photocathode and the removal efficiency of methylene blue (MB) and Cr(VI) mixed pollutants were systematically investigated in the cathode chamber. The results showed that after 12 h of light irradiation in the PMFC with WO3/MoS2/FTO as the photocathode, the removal rates of MB and Cr(VI) were 84.56 and 68.11 %, respectively, which were much higher than those using WO3/FTO as a photocathode (55.57 % and 45.26 %, respectively). The corresponding maximum output power was 33.14 mW/m2, which was 1.85 times that of the WO3/FTO photocathode PMFC. These results can be attributed to the fact that WO3 is an n-type semiconductor and MoS2 is a p-type semiconductor. Analysis of trapping experiments showed that the composite of WO3 and MoS2 formed a Z-scheme heterojunction, which improved the separation efficiency of the photoelectric carriers and enhanced the pollutant removal efficiency of the photocathode. PMFCs are a new and environment-friendly technology for removing pollutants thereby providing an experimental basis for future engineering applications.